Air pollution
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous. pollution has adverse impact on all living
beings and environment.
. Method to control automobile pollution
(1)-Improvement in technology of manufacturing vehicles.
(2)- petrol should be used only for petrol engine
(3)-Oil should be changed from time to time.
(4)- Lubricant of high quality should be used.
(5)- Vehicle should be got serviced at definite intervals of time.
(6)- Vehicles should be driven at a constant Speed.
(7)- Proper maintenance of the roads in the cities should be made and flyovers should be build.
Acid rain
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
Industrial burning of coal and Fossil fuels produce SO2 ,NOx and CO2 which combine with rain water to form acids.
Normally rain is slightly acidic with a pH of 5 to 5.7 ,while acid rain generally has a pH between 4.0-4.4
Effects of acid rain
Acid rain kills plants life ,pollutes river and streams and erodes stone work .it lowers the fertility of soil .Acid rain adversely affects buildings, steel structures and statues made of marble.the beauty and brightness of Taj Mahal is decreasing because of acid rain.
Smog
Smog is a kind of air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air.Smog is a problem in most large cities.it is caused by emissions from industry,motor vehicles, domestic wood combustion and other sources accumulating under certain meterological condition
A photochemical smog is a product of the chemical reaction between sunlight , nitrogen oxides and VOCs,which results in the formation of ozone and air-borne particles.The process of ozone formation may take several days to complete and ozone itself may turn out to be far from the sources of original primary pollutant emissions.
Green house effect
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
Source of green house effect
(1)- Burning of fuels.
(2)- Industrialization
(3)- Deforestation
(4)- Enhance/ encouraging chemical industries
First of all Arrhenius defined it.Green House Effect is directly related to global warming .Gases present in the atmosphere absorb infrared rays which genrate the process of re-radiation due to which the average temprature of the earth becomes more than 15 degree which is called Green House Effect.Toxic gases carbon dioxide ,methane and Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for this effect.
(1)- Carbon dioxide CO2 this gas is the most responsible for green house effect.The rate of carbon dioxide is increasing day by day due to over population industrialization and polution .The concentration of CO2 in atmosphere is 355 ppm which is increasing at the rate of 1.49 ppm.
(2)- Chlorofluorocarbons - Chlorofluorocarbons are fully or partly halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, hydrogen ,chlorine and fluorine produced as volatile derivative of methane , ethane nd propane.
(4)- Water vapour -water vapour is also an effective greenhouse gas, as it does absorb long wave radiation and radiates it back to the surface, thus contributing to warming. When compared to other greenhouse gases, water vapour stays in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time
(5)-Nitrous oxide it is the third most influential greenhouse gas. It stays in the atmosphere for an estimated 115 years, so the 40% contribution from human activities adds up quickly. The human contribution comes from sources like fertilizer and livestock and human and animal wastes
Impact of Green House Effect
(1)- increase in Temperature - According to scientists ,there can be an increase in the temperature of the earth from 1.5 degree centigrade to 4.5 degree centigrade per year due to which the ice of poles starts melting which cause the increase of sea level from 0.5 to 1.5 meter.
(2)- Effect on agriculture- Crops are affected due to increased temperature due to which climate becomes dry and enhance drought. Today, drought is a serious problem in the world .
Methods to Prevent Green House Effect
(1)- Emission of gases in atmosphere can be decreased by plantation.
(2)- Use of C.N.G vehicle in place of petrol and diesel .
(3) Ban on the industry which emit C.F.C gases.
(4)- Use of biofuel
(5)- By decreasing the use of nitrogen fertilizer in field.
Types of Air pollution
(1)- Natural Air Pollution
(2)- Artificial Air Pollution
(1)- Natural Air Pollution -source of natural pollution are as follows
(a)- The ashes Emanted from volcanos, dust , Carbon di oxide , hydrogen,etc
(b)- Dust in the storm.
(c)- Fire in trees
(d)- Carbon dioxide released from bacteria
(2)- Artificial Air pollution
(a)- Carbon dioxide
(b)- Carbon mono oxide
(c)- Oxides of sulphur
(d)- Oxides of Nitrogen
(e)- Chlorine
(f)- lead
(g)- Amonia
(h)- Cadmium
(i)- hydrocarbon
(j)- dust
Effect of Air Pollution
(1)- Global warming
(2)- Climate change
(3)-Acid rain.
(4)- Smog effect
(5)- Deterioration of field
(6)-Extinction of animals and species
(7)-Respiratory health problem.
(8)-Deterioration in building materials
(9)-Chemical sensitivity.
(10)-Skin damage.
Comments
Post a Comment